Nationella dokument

• NDR, Nationella Diabetesregistret
• Läkemedelsbehandling vid typ 2-diabetes – behandlingsrekommendation 2017, Läkemedelsverket 
• Socialstyrelsens Nationella riktlinjer för diabetesvård, 2017/2018
• Egna mätningar av blodglukos vid diabetes utan insulinbehandling. SBU rapport 2009
• Kost vid diabetes. Socialstyrelsen 2011
• Svenska Informationstjänster för Läkemedel: Sil Online

Länkar om läkemedel

• Manual och Rutin, Läkemedel i Melio inklusive ordinationsunderlag för insulin
• Avtal läkemedel Region Skåne
• Fass vårdgivare

Referenser till NNT tabellen

• EMPA-REG:
  Zinman B et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. New Engl J Med 2015; 373: 2117-28
• DECLARE-TIMI 58:
  Wiviott SD et al. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:347-357
• CANVAS:
  Neal B et al. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. New Engl J Med 2017; 377:644-657
• LEADER:
  Marso PM et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. New Engl J Med 2016; 375:312-22
• ELIXA:
  Marc A. Pfeffer et al. Lixisenatide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Acute Coronary Syndrome. N Engl J Med 2015; 373: 2247-2257
• SUSTAIN-6:
  Marso SP et al. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:1834-1844
• PIONEER 6:
  Husain M et al. Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med; 2019; 381:841-851
• REWIND:
  Gerstein HC et al. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2019; 394:121-130
• DAPA- HF:
  McMurray et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1995-2008
• EMPEROR Reduced:
  Milton Packer et al. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1413-1424
• EMPEROR Preserved:
  Anker SD et al. Empagliflozin in Heart Failure with a Preserved Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med; 2021 Oct 14. 385(16):1451-1461
• DELIVER:
  Scott D. et al. Dapagliflozin in Heart Failure with Mildly Reduced or Preserved Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med August 27, 2022; DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa2206286
• CREDENCE:
  Perkovic V et al. CREDENCE Trial Investigators. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:2295-2306.
• DAPA-CKD:
  Heerspink H. et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1436-1446

Riktvärden för behandlingsmål

• The ACCORD Study Group. Effects of Intensive Glucose Lowering in Type 2 Diabetes. New Engl J Med 2008;358:2545-59.
• The ADVANCE Collaborative Group. Intensive Blood Glucose Control and Vascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. N Engl J Med 2008;358:2560-72.
• Skyler JS et al. Intensive Glycemic Control and the Prevention of Cardiovascular Events: Implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA Diabetes Trials. Diabetes Care 2009;32:187-192
• Tema Diabetes typ 2 Läkartidningen 2018;115:EX4W. 345-373.

Behandlingsstrategi vid typ 2 diabetes

• Melanie J. Davies, Vanita R. Arodq, Billy S. Collin, Robert A. Gabbay, Jennifer Green, Nisa M. Maruthur, Sylvia E. Rosas, Stefano Del Prato, Chantal Mathieu, Geltrude Mingrone, Peter Rossing, Tsvetalina Tankova, Apostolos Tsapas, John B. Buse-Management of hyperglycaemia in type 2 diabetes, 2022. A consensus report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetologia
• Qiubo Zhao, Hongwei Li, Qicheng Ni, Yuancheng Dai, Qidong Zheng, Yufan Wang, Tingyu Ke, LiLi, Dong Zhao, Qijuan Dong, Bangqun Ji, Juan Shi, Ying Peng, Yifei Zhang, Fengmei Xu, Weiqing Wang. Follow-up frequency and clinical outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective analysis based on multicenter real-world data. Journal of Diabetes. 2022;14:306–314.
• Seidu S, Cos X, Brunton S Harris SB, Jansson SPO, Mata-Cases M, Neijens AMJ, Topsever P, Khunti K. 2022 update to the position statement by Primary Care Diabetes Europé: a disease state approach to the pharmacological management of type 2 diabetes in Primary Care. Primary Care Diabetes, 2022 Apr; 16 (2):223-244.
• UK prospective diabetic study (UKPDS) group. Intensive blood glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 1998;352:837-53.
• UK prospective diabetes study (UKPDS) group. Effect of intensive blood-glucose control with metformin on complications in overweight patients with type 2 diabetes. Lancet 1998;352:854-65.
• Stratton M et al. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ 2000;321:1405-12.
• Holman RR et al. Long-term follow-up after tight control of blood pressure in type 2 diabetes. New Engl J med 2008;359:1565-76.
• Gaede P et al. Multifactorial intervention and cardiovascular disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. New Engl J Med 2003;348:383-93.
• Gaede P et al. Effect of Multifactorial Intervention on Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. New Engl J Med 2008. 358:580-91.
• Inzucchi SE et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012;35:1364-1379
• Zinman B et al. Empagliflozin, Cardiovascular Outcomes, and Mortality in Type 2 Diabetes. New Engl J Med 2015. 373: 2117-28
• Marso PM et al. Liraglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes. New Engl J Med 2016. 375:312-22
• Neal B et al. Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Events in Type 2 Diabetes. New Engl J Med 2017. 377:644-657
• Wiviott SD et al. DECLARE_TIMI 58 Investigators. Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:347-357.
• Perkovic V et al. CREDENCE Trial Investigators. Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy. N Engl J Med 2019; 380:2295-2306.
• Gerstein HC et al. REWIND Investigators. Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2019; 394:121-130.
• Rosenstock J et al. CARMELINA Investigators. Effect of linagliptin vs placebo on major cardiovascular events in adults with type 2 diabetes and high cardiovascular and renal risk: the CARMELINA randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2019; 321:69-79.
• Rosenstock J et al. Effect of linagliptin vs glimepiride on major adverse cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes: the CA- ROLINA randomized clinical trial. JAMA 2019; 322(12):1155-1166
• Marso SP et al. SUSTAIN-6 Investigators. Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med 2016; 375:1834-1844.
• Husain M et al. PIONEER 6 Investigators. Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med; 2019; 381:841-851
• Cosentino F et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD. European Heart Journal 2019; 00, 1-69
• Davies et al. 2018 Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2018 Dec; 41(12): 2669-2701
• McMurray et al. Dapagliflozin in Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction. N Engl J Med 2019; 381:1995-2008
• Milton Packer et al. Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes with Empagliflozin in Heart Failure; EMPEROR-Reduced; N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1413-1424
• Heerspink H. DAPA-CKD - Dapagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease; N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1436-1446

Diabetes och Njursvikt

• Kalkylator för beräkning av eGFR 

Diabetes och Äldre

• Goda läkemedelsråd för våra äldre – Behandlingsrekommendationer för sköra äldre, Goda läkemedelsråd för sköra äldre 2022 (pdf)
• Fors P. Dagens målvärden vid diabetes inte självklara för äldre-äldre. Läkartidningen 2009;106:1639

Prevalens – Incidens

• International Diabetes Federation

Klassifikation – LADA och MODY

• Gale EA. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults: a guide for the perplexed Diabetologia 2005;48;2195-9.
• Karlsson E et al. MODY - en autosomalt dominant form av diabetes. Diagnos via gentestning ger bättre behandling, Läkartidningen 2007;104:2600.

Hypoglykemi

• Cryer PE. Hypoglycaemia: the limiting factor in the glycaemic management of Type I and Type II diabetes. Diabetologia 2002;45:937-48.
• Läkemedel för glukoskontroll vid typ 2-diabetes - behandlingsrekommendation | Läkemedelsverket 2017

Injektionshjälpmedel, Egenmätning av blodglukos

• Defronzo, R., Ferrannini, E., Zimmet, P., Alberti, G.(2015). International Textbook of Diabetes Mellitus: Wiley-Blackwell
• Ekman, I., red. (2014). Personcentrering inom hälso-och sjukvård: Från filosofi till praktik Stockholm: Liber.
• Frid, AH., Kreugel, G., Grassi, G., Halimi, S., Hicks, D., Hirsch, LJ., Smith, MJ., Wellhoener, R., Bode, BW., Hirsch, IB., Kalra, S. & Strauss, KW.(2016). New Insulin Delivery Recommendations. Mayo Clin Proc. 91(9):1231-55. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.06.010
• Fysisk aktivitet och levnadsvanor
• Levnadsvanor/vårdprogram och stödmaterial, Region Skåne 
• FYSS 2021, Läkartidningen 
• Tuomilehto J et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New Engl J Med 2001;344:1343-50.
• Ramachandran A et al. The Indian Diabetes Prevention Programme shows that lifestyle modification and metformin prevent type 2 diabetes in Asian Indian subjects with impaired glucose tolerance (IDPP-1). Diabetologia 2006;49:289-97.
• Diabetic prevention program research group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with life style intervention or metformin New Engl J Med 2002;346:393-403.
• Cederholm J et al. Samband mellan risk-faktorer och komplikationer vid diabetes. Rapport efter 13 år med Nationella diabetesregistret (NDR). Läkartidningen 2009;106:2684.
• The Look AHEAD Research Group. NEJM 2013;369:145-154

Prediabetes

• Tuomilehto J et al. Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus by changes in lifestyle among subjects with impaired glucose tolerance. New Engl J Med 2001;344:1343-50.
• Diabetic prevention program research group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with life style intervention or metformin New Engl J Med 2002;346:393-403.
• Regression from pre-diabetes to normal glucose regulation in the diabetes prevention program. Perreault L, Kahn SE, Christophi CA, Knowler WC, Hamman RF; Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Diabetes Care. 2009 Sep;32(9):1583-8. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0523. Epub 2009 Jul 8. PMID: 19587364
• Socialstyrelsen (2018). Nationella riktlinjer för Diabetesvård-stöd och styrning. Stockholm. Socialstyrelsen.
• Diabetessjuksköterskan/distriktssköterskans roll och arbete med: Levnadsvaneförändringar vid prediabetes.
• Diabetologi Nytt år 2022 årgång 35 Nr 3. Svensk förening för diabetologi: Mål och målsättningar svensk diabetologi 2022